Exploring the phases of 3D artificial spin ice: from coulomb phase to magnetic monopole crystal - data

The majority of the data are outputs from Monte Carlo Simulations and magnetic force microscopy measurements. The data are organised by the figure in which they were presented in the publication, and presented as plain text files. 

Figure 1:

Phase Diagram.txt - 4-column txt file containing data shown in fig 1 c & d. Column information in header

Heat_capacity.txt - Heat capacity calculated for four values of b/a by simulating thermal annealing process. Each value represents average of 100 repeats

Entropy.txt - Entropy per spin calculated for four values of b/a calculated using the Heat_capacity.txt file. Before use, the values in this file should be normalised to the entropy of a paramagnet. 

Ice_arrowmap.txt 7 column text file with position and orientation of spins simulated using MC for the ice phase. 7th column marks the sublattice of the spin. This is a representative output.

SingleCharge_arrowmap.txt 7 column text file with position and orientation of spins simulated using MC for the CI phase. 7th column marks the sublattice of the spin. This is a representative output.

DoubleCharge_arrowmap.txt 7 column text file with position and orientation of spins simulated using MC for the CII phase. 7th column marks the sublattice of the spin. This is a representative output.

Ice_StructureFactor.txt Computed structure factor of the ice phase at b/a=1, T/J = 0.1 based on 100 repeats of the MC simulation. ASCII matrix file with 277 rows and 277 colums. X and Y values range from -6 to 6 rlu.

SingleCharge_StructureFactor.txt Computed structure factor of the CI phase at b/a=0.975, T/J = 0.27826 based on 100 repeats of the MC simulation. ASCII matrix file with 277 rows and 277 colums. X and Y values range from -6 to 6 rlu.

DoubleCharge_StructureFactor.txt Computed structure factor of the CI phase at b/a=0.85, T/J = 0.1 based on 100 repeats of the MC simulation. ASCII matrix file with 277 rows and 277 colums. X and Y values range from -6 to 6 rlu.

Figure 2:

SEM_Whole1.png - SEM image of a representative lattice taken at a 45 degree tilt

220121EA_p27S03_003 - High-magnification SEM image of a lattice and zero tilt

220121EA_p27S03_003-False_colour - False colour version of the high magnification image to show the sublattices. 

Data in subfolders: These are small MFM measurements of the representative MFM contrast presented in figure 2. Each file is in a folder according to the sublattice, and the filename indicates the vertex type. Each text file is an ASCII matrix with the dimensions indicated in the file header. 

Fig 3

220520_Combined_AFM.txt and 220520_Combined_MFM.txt ADM and MFM data upon which the experimental analysis was performed. These are 1024x1024 ASCII matrix files with the x and y dimensions indicated in the header. These data are a combination of four measurements of smaller overlapping regions. 

Full_Arrowmap.txt - The position and orientation (XYZ) of the moments as shown in fig 3a. The first column indicates the sublattice. 

Fig 4

All-layers.txt Structure factor calculated from all layers.

L1.txt Structure factor calculated using only L1 data

L2.txt Structure factor calculated using only L2 data

L3.txt Structure factor calculated using only L3 data

Research results based upone these data are published at https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01338-2